ANNOUNCEMENTS

   Annoucement is something said, written or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what

will happen.

In writing an annoucement, keep the following points :

    < Title/Type of event>

    < Date/Time,place>

    <contact person>

EXAMPLE :

School Trip to Depok Beach

                                  On 30th of january, our school will hold a school trip to Depok Beach

                             Time                 : at 07:30 am

                             Programs          : Volly ball, lunch near the beach, and playing water games

                             Free                 : Rp 45.000,00

                             Contact Person : Bunga and Matthew X3

                                                                                                                     Thanks

              

                                                                                                          Taecher

               

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RECOUNT TEXT

Recount text is a text that is used to retell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.

Social Function : To retell past event for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

GENERIC STRUCTURE 

v  ORIENTATION

It’s about who was involved, what happened, where this event took place and when it happened.

v  EVENT (S)

It’s about what happened in chronological order.

v  RE-ORIENTATION

The conclusion of the experience.

  SIGNIFICANT GRAMMAR FEATURES

ü    Focuses on individual participants.

ü    Use of material process.

ü    Circumstances of theme and places.

ü    Use of the past tense.

  LANGUAGE FEATURES

Ø  Use of past tenses

(Ex: went, spent, played)

Ø  Use of time conjunctions

(Ex: and, but, after, then)

Ø  Use of adverbs of time in the past

(Ex: yesterday, last week, two days ago)

Ø  Use of personal pronoun

(Ex: I, we)

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NARRATIVE TEXT

A narrative text is a piece of writing that tells in from of fairy, tale, legend, fable, science, fiction, and myths.

Function:

a.       To entertain the readers.

b.      To teach or inform.

c.       To change social opinion.

GENERIC STRUCTURE

A narrative text can have as many paragraphs as the writers want. However, it mainly consists of three parts: Orientation, Sequence of Events / Complications, and Resolution.

-          ORIENTATION

This part presents the settings of the story and introduce the characters involved.

-          COMPLICATION

The story continues here. Usually, there is an event or a sequence of events that lead the characters into the a complication (some form of conflict that disrupts the normal event).

Tension stars to buildup to a climax, and this draw anticipation in the readers.

-          RESOLUTION

The problem stars to get resolved. Sometimes the story ends happily or vice versa, and at other times the resolution (the ending of the story) is left for the readers to decide.

Features:

·         Characters with define personalities / identities

·         Dialogue often include-tense may change to the present or the future.

·         Descriptive language to create images in the reader’s mind and enhance the story.

  Temporal Conjuction of Narrative Text:

o     Once upon a time

o     A long time ago

o     One day

  Examples of Narrative Text:

ü    Short stories

ü    Folklore

ü    Legend

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PROCEDURE TEXT

Procedure text is a piece of text that gives us instruction for doing something.

The purpose of procedure text type is to explain how something can be done.

 The Characteristic of Procedure Text:

v  Using the simple present tense. Usually in imperative sentences.

v  Using relative pronoun temporal, likes first, second, then, next, finally

v  Using action verb, likes turn on, stir, and cook.

The Structure of Procedure Text:

Ø  An introductory statement that gives the aim or goal.

Ø  A list of materials that will be needed for completing the procedure.

Ø  A sequence of steps in the order they need to be done.

The language features usually found in a procedure text:

a)      The use of technical language.

b)      Sentences that begin with verbs and are stated as commands.

c)      The use of time words or numbers that tell the order for doing the procedure.

d)     The use of adverbs to tell how the action should be done.

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PAST TENSE

We use simple past tense to talk about  an action that happened in the past. We also use it to tell a story.

The time of signals that indicate such happenings are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago, . . . ago (long, long time ago), and last . . .(last Monday, last week, etc).

Pattern:

~ Using be      : S + was/were + V₁ + Complement

~ Using verbs : S + V_past + Complement

The function of the simple past tense:

1.   To express that an action started and finished at the specific time in the past.

2.   To describe a habit which stopped in the past. To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as : always, often, usually, never, when, etc.

3.   To describe past fact6 or generalizations which are no longer true. Example: Grandpa didn’t like coffee before.

Kind of Past Tense:

~ Past Progressive Tense / Past Continous Tense.

~ Past Perfect Tense.

~ Past Perfect Progressive Tense.

Example of Simple Past Tense:

(+) The diligent boy studied last night.

(-) The diligent boy did not study last nigh

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PRESENT TENSE

Posted by Muhammad Achrizal Haq Thursday, January 19, 2012

The simple present tense is used to express habits, general truth instructions or direction, fixed arrangement, etc.

~ Verbal Sentences.

            (+) S + V₁ (-s/-es) + Object.

            (-)  S + do/does + not + V₁ +  Object.

            (?) Do/does + S + V₁ + Object + ?

~ Non Verbal Sentences.

            (+) S  +  to be  +  noun / adjective / adverb.

            (-)  S  +  to be + not + noun / adjective / adverb.

            (?) To be  + S + noun / adjective / adverb + ?

Adverb of time:

Always            Every

Never              Often

Seldom            Usually

Sometime        Once / Twice   etc

Examples:

(+) You are a teacher.

(-)  You are not a teacher.

(?) Are you a teacher?

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GREETINGS

Posted by Muhammad Achrizal Haq Thursday, January 19, 2012

Greetings is a way for human beings to intentionally communicate awareness of each other’s presence, to show attention to, and/or to affirm or suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.
As many forms of communication, greetings habits are highly culture and situation. Specific and many changes within a culture dispending on social status and relationship : the [phenomenon] as such exists in all known human cultures though.
Greetings can be expressed both avdibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other then gestures.
Example:
How do you greet other people?
~ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening / Night / nite.
~ Hi / Hello, Aiiu!
~ How everything with you?
~ How are you / How life / How are you getting along?
~ Fine thanks!
~ Pretty goods thanks!
~ I’m well, thanks.
~ Not bad, thanks. And you?
How do introduce yourself?
~ Let me introduce myself. My name is Ayu Maulida.
~ Hello, my name is Ayou!
~ Hi, I’m Aiiu!
How do you introduce other people?
~ I would like to introduce KiQy!
~ I would like you to meet agree.
~ Excuse me, let me introduce my new friend. Her name is KiQy.

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